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2.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 46(5): 600-604, Sept-Oct/2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-691430

ABSTRACT

Introduction Leprosy is a chronic disease that affects skin and peripheral nerves. Disease complications include reactional episodes and physical impairment. One World Health Organization (WHO) goal of leprosy programs is to decrease the number of grade 2 impairment diagnoses by 2015. This study aims to evaluate clinical factors associated with the occurrence of leprosy reactions and physical impairment in leprosy patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of data from medical records of patients followed in two important centers for the treatment of leprosy in Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil, from 2005 to 2011. We used the chi-square test to analyze associations between the following categorical variables: gender, age, operational classification, clinical forms, leprosy reactions, corticosteroid treatment, and physical impairment at the diagnosis and after cure. Clinical variables associated with multibacillary leprosy and/or reactional episodes and the presence of any grade of physical impairment after cure were evaluated using the logistic regression model. Results We found that men were more affected by multibacillary forms, reactional episodes, and grade 2 physical impairment at diagnosis. Leprosy reactions were detected in a total of 40% of patients and all were treated with corticosteroids. However, physical impairment was observed in 29.8% of the patients analyzed at the end of the treatment and our multivariate analysis associated a low dose and short period of corticosteroid treatment with persistence of physical impairments. Conclusions Physical impairment should receive an increased attention before and after treatment, and adequate treatment should be emphasized. .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Disability Evaluation , Leprosy/complications , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/etiology , Retrospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index
3.
Radiol. bras ; 46(1): 1-6, jan.-fev. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-666104

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate sonographic features associated with morbidity in patients with chronic clinical presentations of schistosomiasis mansoni, according to the protocol proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two distinctive populations were evaluated: a) patients from an endemic area, and b) patients from a tertiary institution, with histopathologically confirmed periportal fibrosis. Inclusion criteria: diagnosis confirmed by parasitological stool examination for Schistosoma mansoni (Kato-Katz method). Exclusion criteria: positive serology for HIV, HTLV-1, HBV or HCV. The Niamey protocol on ultrasonography proposed by the WHO was utilized. RESULTS: As the measures of periportal spaces were isolatedly evaluated, no alteration was observed in 21% of the tertiary institution patients with advanced disease. As all parameters of the Niamey protocol were considered, 100% of patients from the tertiary institution, with severe disease, presented advanced periportal fibrosis. In hepatosplenic patients from endemic areas, fibrosis was not identified at ultrasonography. CONCLUSION: The sonographic protocol proposed by the WHO can detect advanced periportal fibrosis in patients with severe form of disease with higher sensitivity than the isolated measurement of periportal space. The complexity involved in the sonographic identification of early stages of periportal fibrosis in endemic areas may give rise to the field of diagnostic supplementation and to a continued improvement of sonographic protocols in these areas.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar aspectos ultrassonográficos associados à morbidade em pacientes com formas clínicas crônicas de esquistossomose mansônica, utilizando-se protocolo proposto pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas duas populações distintas: a) área endêmica e b) institucional terciária, com histopatológico confirmando fibrose. Critérios de inclusão: diagnóstico confirmado por parasitológico de fezes para Schistosoma mansoni (método Kato-Katz). Critérios de exclusão: sorologia positiva para HIV, HTLV-1, VHB ou VHC. Foi utilizado protocolo ultrassonográfico de Niamey, proposto pela OMS. RESULTADOS: Avaliando-se isoladamente as medidas dos espaços periportais, estas se mostraram sem alterações em 21% dos indivíduos com doença avançada da instituição terciária. Utilizando-se todos os parâmetros do protocolo, 100% dos indivíduos da instituição terciária, com forma grave da doença, apresentaram fibrose periportal avançada. Em pacientes hepatoesplênicos da área endêmica não se identificou fibrose à ultrassonografia. CONCLUSÃO: O protocolo ultrassonográfico proposto pela OMS detecta fibrose periportal avançada nos pacientes com forma grave da doença, com maior sensibilidade do que a medida do espaço periportal isoladamente. A complexidade de identificação das fases iniciais da fibrose periportal, em áreas endêmicas, pela ultrassonografia, pode suscitar o campo da complementação diagnóstica e a continuidade do aprimoramento dos protocolos ultrassonográficos nestas áreas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Abdomen , Schistosomiasis mansoni/mortality , Peritoneal Fibrosis , Guidelines as Topic , Ultrasonography , Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color , World Health Organization
4.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 44(1): 91-96, Jan.-Feb. 2011. graf, mapas
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-579839

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: A esquistossomose é endêmica no Brasil, com elevada prevalência no Estado de Sergipe, apesar da existência do Programa de Controle da Esquistossomose (PCE). MÉTODOS: Foi realizado levantamento de dados do PCE-Sergipe de 2005 a 2008. A partir da matriz bruta formulou-se planilha de dados no software Access e analisou-se frequência e distribuição geográfica das infecções por Schistosoma mansoni e outros enteroparasitos. Estes dados foram exportados para o software Spring 5.0.5 para georreferenciamento e confecção de mapas temáticos de distribuição espacial e temporal por ano de avaliação. RESULTADOS: Foram positivos para S. mansoni 13,6 por cento (14471/106287) de exames nos anos de 2005, 11,2 por cento (16196/145069) em 2006, 11,8 por cento (10220/86824) em 2007 e 10,6 por cento (8329/78859) em 2008. A análise de mapas mostrou elevada prevalência da doença em Sergipe, em particular nos municípios Ilha das Flores, Santa Rosa de Lima, Santa Luzia do Itanhi e São Cristóvão. Além disso, avaliamos a associação entre as frequências dessas doenças parasitárias com indicadores sociais e de desenvolvimento dos diferentes municípios, de acordo com os dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e da Superintendência de Recursos Hídricos (SRH). Observamos que os municípios com prevalência da esquistossomose maior do que 15 por cento têm menor concentração de rede de esgotos (índice de higiene); p = 0,05. Adicionalmente, os municípios com prevalência de infecção por ancilostomídeos maior do que 10 por cento apresentam um menor IDH educacional; p = 0,04. CONCLUSÕES: Ressalta-se a importância de maior controle dos fatores de risco ambientais e educacionais, na tentativa de reduzir prevalências dessas doenças parasitárias.


INTRODUCTION: Schistosomiasis is endemic in Brazil, with high prevalence in the State of Sergipe, despite the existence of the Schistosomiasis Control Program (PCE). METHODS: The data from Sergipe's PCE between 2005 and 2008 were surveyed. From the raw information, a database was created on a spreadsheet using the Access software. The frequency and geographic distribution of infections due to Schistosoma mansoni and other intestinal parasites were analyzed. These data were exported to the Spring 5.0.5 software for georeferencing and preparation of thematic maps of the spatial and temporal distribution according to year of evaluation. RESULTS: In 2005, 13.6 percent (14,471/106,287) of the tests were positive for S. mansoni, 11.2 percent (16,196/145,069) in 2006, 11.8 percent (10,220/86,824) in 2007 and 10.6 percent (8,329/78,859) in 2008. Analysis on the maps showed that there was high prevalence of the disease in Sergipe, and particularly in the municipalities of Ilha das Flores, Santa Rosa de Lima, Santa Luzia do Itanhi and São Cristóvão. Furthermore, we evaluated the association between the frequencies of these parasitic diseases and social and developmental indicators in the different municipalities, according to data from the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the Department of Water Resources (SRH). We found that municipalities with schistosomiasis prevalence higher than 15 percent had lower coverage of sewage systems (hygiene index) (p = 0.05). Additionally, municipalities with hookworm prevalence higher than 10 percent had lower educational HDI (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The importance of greater control over environmental risk and educational factors needs to be emphasized in attempts to reduce the prevalence of these parasitic diseases.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , National Health Programs , Schistosomiasis mansoni/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Geography , Helminthiasis/epidemiology , Helminthiasis/prevention & control , Parasite Egg Count , Prevalence , Program Evaluation , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Socioeconomic Factors , Schistosomiasis mansoni/prevention & control
5.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 99(5,supl.1): 21-26, Aug. 2004. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-384474

ABSTRACT

This study objective was to evaluate the cytokines associated with early events of hepatic fibrosis in schistosomiasis mansoni. Hepatic fibrosis was classified by ultrasonography in 94 patients. Immunological evaluation was performed by measurement of secreted cytokines (interleukin IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and transforming growth factors-beta) in peripherl blood mononuclear cells stimulated by Schistosoma mansoni antigens. Significantly, higher levels of IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 were found in supernatants of SEA-stimulated PBMC from subjects with degree III hepatic fibrosis as compared to patients with degree I or II fibrosis, Significant increases in IL-5 and IL-13 levels were also observed in some of the subjects who remained untreated for one year following initial assessment and developed more serious fibrosis during this period. The data suggests a role for type 2 cytokines in early stages of hepatic fibrosis in human schistosomiasis mansoni.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Cytokines , Leukocytes, Mononuclear , Liver Cirrhosis , Schistosoma mansoni , Schistosomiasis mansoni , Chronic Disease , Disease Progression , Severity of Illness Index
6.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 99(5,supl.1): 121-126, Aug. 2004.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-384492

ABSTRACT

Human T cell leukemia virus type-I (HTLV-I) infection is associated with spontaneous T cell activation and uncontrolled lymphocyte proliferation. An exacerbated type-1 immune response with production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) is significantly higher in patients with myelopathy associated to HTLV-I than in HTLV-I asymptomatic carriers. In contrast with HTLV-I, a chronic Schistosoma mansoni infection is associated with a type-2 immune response with high levels of interleukin (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10) and low levels of IFN-gamma. In this study, clinical and immunological consequences of the HTLV-I and S. mansoni infection were evaluated. The immune response in patients with schistosomiasis co-infected with HTLV-I showed low levels of IL-5 (p < 0.05) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultures stimulated with S. mansoni antigen (SWAP) and decreased SWAP-specific IgE levels when compared with patients with only schistosomiasis (p < 0.05). Liver fibrosis was mild in all HTLV-I co-infected patients. Immunological response was also compared in individuals who had only HTLV-I infection with those who were co-infected with HTLV-I and helminths (S. mansoni and Strongyloides stercoralis). In patients HTLV-I positive co-infected with helminths the IFN-gamma levels were lower than in individuals who had only HTLV-I. Moreover, there were fewer cells expressing IFN-gamma and more cells expressing IL-10 in individuals co-infected with HTLV-I and helminths. These dates indicate that HTLV-I infection decrease type 2-response and IgE synthesis and are inversely associated with the development of liver fibrosis. Moreover, helminths may protect HTLV-I infected patients to produce large quantities of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-gamma.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Cytokines , HTLV-I Infections , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 , Liver Cirrhosis , Schistosoma mansoni , Schistosomiasis mansoni , Antigens, Helminth , Case-Control Studies , Chronic Disease , Immunity, Cellular , Leukocytes, Mononuclear
7.
Salvador; s.n; 1998. xi,90 p. tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-242365

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a resposta imune humoral e celular a antígeno solúvel de verme adulto e aos antígenos específicos de S. mansoni Paramiosina, IrV-5, MAP-3 e MAP-4 de indivíduos residentes na área endêmica de esquistossomose, Caatinga do Moura - Bahia. Um total de 119 indivíduos foram avaliados, incluíndo 17 com exames parasitológicos negativos (3 a 6 amostras), todos com alto grau de contato com água contaminada. A resposta humoral foi avaliada através da dosagem no plasma de isotipos de imunoglogulinas, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgM e IgA específicas para cada um dos antígenos. A resposta celular foi determinada através da dosagem de Interleucina-5 (IL-5), IL-10, gama-interferon (y-IFN) e fator de necrose tumoral-a (TNF-a) em sobrenadantes de células mononucleares do sangue periférico (CMSP), estimuladas com os mesmos antígenos de S. mansoni. Os níveis de infecçäo, medidos pela contagem de ovos/g de fezes pelo método de Kato-Katz, variaram de 0 - 1128 em 1995 (Média ñ DP 246 ñ 361). Correlaçöes inversas foram observadas entre idade e níveis de infecçäo em duas avaliaçöes parasitológicas realizadas em 1992 e 1995 (reinfecçäo), p < 0,01; Correlaçäo de Spearman. Uma correlaçäo direta entre os números de ovos/g de fezes em 1992 e os níveis de reinfecçäo em 1995 foi observada (p < 0,001; Correlaçäo de Spearman). A resposta imune humoral foi caracterizada por diferenças de níveis de resposta dos isotipos de imunoglobulinas específicas para os diversos antígenos, assim como diferentes percentuais de indivíduos considerados respondedores (densidade óptica acima do 'cut off') com os diferentes isotipos específicos. Níveis mais elevados de IgG1 e IgG4 específicas para SWAP e paramiosina foram detectados nos plasmas dos indivíduos avaliados. Contudo, IgG2 e IgG3 específicas para IrV-5 paramiosina também foram detectadas em níveis elevados, assim como IgA específica para SWAP e MAP-3. Correlaçöes diretas foram observadas entre o número de ovos/g de fezes em 1995 e os níveis de IgG1 e IgG4 específicas para SWAP e paramiosina (p < 0,05); Correlaçäo de Spearman), mostrando serem esses isotipos marcadores de alto níveis de infecçäo. Por outro lado, correlaçöes inversas entre o número de ovos/g de fezes e os níveis de IgG2 específicas para SWAP (p = 0,05 e IrV-5 (p < 0,01) foram também observadas (Correlaçäo de Spearman), sugerindo que esse isotipo de imunoglobulina seja um marcador de baixos níveis de infecçäo...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Antibodies, Helminth , Antigens, Helminth , Schistosoma mansoni/immunology , Schistosomiasis mansoni/diagnosis , Schistosomiasis mansoni/epidemiology , Schistosomiasis mansoni/immunology , Antibody Formation , Parasite Egg Count , Tropomyosin
9.
Rev. bras. alergia imunopatol ; 11(3): 60-4, jun. 1988. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-93892

ABSTRACT

A partir do diagnóstico de angioedema hereditário em uma paciente, identificamos oito familiares afetados e pudemos confirmar laboratorialmente a doença em três deles. A paciente que motivou o diagnóstico apresentava manifestaçöes de angioedema associado predominantemente aos períodos menstruais, tendo apresentado vários episódios de edema de glote, havendo necessidade de se realizar traqueostomia em quatro ocasiöes. Após iniciar terapêutica com danazol houve diminuiçäo considerável da sintomatologia, bem como um maior espaço de tempo entre as crises. Os dois outros familiares que tiveram laboratorialmente comprovada a diminuiçäo da enzima inibidora de C1 eram filhos da paciente e apresentavam sintomatologia com menor gravidade que a observada na genitora


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Angioedema/genetics , Angioedema/diagnosis , Angioedema/drug therapy , Complement C1/deficiency , Complement Inactivating Agents/deficiency , Danazol/therapeutic use
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